Civil War Secret Missions Cracker BarrelCivil War Secret Missions Cracker JacksJames Longstreet Wikipedia. Lieutenant General. James Longstreet. United States Minister to the Ottoman Empire. In office. 18. 801. Preceded by. Horace Maynard. Succeeded by. Lew Wallace. Personal details. Born1. 82. 1 0. Mindspark Interactive. Help Uninstall EULA Privacy. Yes, the unmanned Boeing X37B has completed four missions and spent a total of 2,085 days in orbit. But this is the first mission where it wont be launched from. January 8, 1. 82. Edgefield District, South Carolina, U. S. Died. January 2, 1. Gainesville, Georgia, U. S. SpousesMaria Louisa Garland m. Ellen J. Dortch m. Signature. Military service. NicknamesOld Pete, Lees War Horse, Bull of the Woods, Pete2Allegiance United States of America Confederate States. Servicebranch. United States Army Confederate Army. Years of service. Rank. Major USALieutenant General CSAUnit. U. S. Infantry. 8th U. S. Infantry. Commands. Longstreets Brigade. Longstreets Division. First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. Department of East Tennessee1Battleswars. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Code Crackers Cryptanalysis in the Civil War First published in Civil War Times Illustrated JulyAugust 1995. Reprinted in Spies and Secret Missions, 2002. Infowars. com the home of the 1 Internet News Show in the World. NOTE The source for some of the following definitions those listed along with a page number Pg. Dictionary of the Vietnam War edited by James S. Olson. The universe is very good at making us feel both extremely insignificant and lucky enough to be part of something huge. No missions have made this clearer than NASA. Get the latest breaking news across the U. S. on ABCNews. com. Civil War Secret Missions Cracker' title='Civil War Secret Missions Cracker' />MexicanAmerican War. American Civil War. Battle of Liberty Place. James Longstreet January 8, 1. January 2, 1. 90. Confederategenerals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his Old War Horse. He served under Lee as a corps commander for many of the famous battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, and briefly with Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, Longstreet served in the MexicanAmerican War. He was wounded in the thigh at the Battle of Chapultepec, and afterward married his first wife, Louise Garland. Throughout the 1. American Southwest. In June 1. 86. 1, Longstreet resigned his U. S. Army commission and joined the Confederate Army. He commanded Confederate troops during an early victory at Blackburns Ford in July. Longstreets talents as a general made significant contributions to several important Confederate victories, mostly in the Eastern Theater as one of Robert E. Lees chief subordinates in the Army of Northern Virginia. He performed poorly at Seven Pines, but played an important role in the success of the Seven Days Battles in the summer of 1. Longstreet led a devastating counterattack that routed the Union army at Second Bull Run in August. His men held their ground in defensive roles at Antietam and Fredericksburg. Longstreets most controversial service was at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1. General Lee on the tactics to be employed and reluctantly supervised several attacks on Union forces, including the disastrous Picketts Charge. Afterwards, Longstreet was, at his own request, sent to the Western Theater to fight under Braxton Bragg, where his troops launched a ferocious assault on the Union lines at Chickamauga, which carried the day. Afterwards, his performance in semiautonomous command during the Knoxville Campaign resulted in a Confederate defeat. Unhappy serving under Bragg, Longstreet and his men were sent back to Lee. He ably commanded troops during the Battle of the Wilderness in 1. He later returned to the field, serving under Lee in the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign. He enjoyed a successful post war career working for the U. S. government as a diplomat, civil servant, and administrator. However, his conversion to the Republican Party and his cooperation with his old friend, President Ulysses S. Grant, as well as critical comments he wrote in his memoirs about General Lees wartime performance, made him anathema to many of his former Confederate colleagues. His reputation in the South further suffered when he led African American militia against the anti Reconstruction. White League at the Battle of Liberty Place in 1. Authors of the Lost Cause movement focused on Longstreets actions at Gettysburg as a primary reason for the Confederacys loss of the war. Since the late 2. Many Civil War historians now consider him among the wars most gifted tactical commanders. Photoshop Cloud Brushes Cs3. Early life and careereditJames Longstreet was born on January 8, 1. Edgefield District, South Carolina, an area that is now part of North Augusta, Edgefield County. He was the fifth child and third son of James Longstreet 1. Dutch descent, and Mary Ann Dent 1. English descent, originally from New Jersey and Maryland respectively, who owned a cotton plantation close to where the village of Gainesville would be founded in northeastern Georgia. Jamess ancestor Dirck Stoffels Langestraet immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1. Anglicized over the generations. Jamess father was impressed by his sons rocklike character on the rural plantation, giving him the nickname Peter, and he was known as Pete or Old Pete for the rest of his life. Longstreets father decided on a military career for his son, but felt that the local education available to him would not be adequate preparation. At the age of nine, James was sent to live with his aunt and uncle in Augusta, Georgia. His uncle, Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, was a newspaper editor, educator, and a Methodist minister. James spent eight years on his uncles plantation, Westover, just outside the city while he attended the Academy of Richmond County. His father died from a cholera epidemic while visiting Augusta in 1. Jamess mother and the rest of the family moved to Somerville, Alabama, following his fathers death, James remained with uncle Augustus. Augustus Longstreet, a man of some political prominence, was a fierce states rights partisan who supported South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis. In 1. 83. 7, Augustus attempted to obtain an appointment for James to the United States Military Academy, but the vacancy for his congressional district had already been filled so James was appointed in 1. Reuben Chapman, who represented the First District of Alabama where Mary Longstreet lived. James was a poor student academically and a disciplinary problem at West Point, ranking 5. He was popular with his classmates, however, and befriended a number of men who would become prominent during the Civil War, including George Henry Thomas, William S. Rosecrans his West Point roommate, John Pope, D. H. Hill, Lafayette Mc. Laws, George Pickett, and Ulysses S. Grant, who was of the Class of 1. Longstreet was commissioned a brevetsecond lieutenant. After a brief furlough, he set out to join the 4th U. S. Infantry at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. Longstreet spent his first two years of service at the post, which was under the command of Lt. Col. John Garland. In 1. 84. 3, he was joined by his friend, Lieutenant Ulysses Grant. In 1. 84. 4, Longstreet met his future first wife Maria Louisa Garland, called Louise by her family. She was the daughter of Longstreets commander, Lt. Col. Garland. Little is known of their courtship or marriage. Longstreet never once mentioned Louise in his memoirs, and there are no surviving letters between the two. Most anecdotes about their relationship come through the writings of Longstreets second wife, Helen Dortch Longstreet. At about the same time as Longstreet began courting Garland, Grant became acquainted with and courted Longstreets fourth cousin, Julia Dent, and the couple eventually married. Historians agree that Longstreet attended the Grant wedding on August 2. St. Louis, but his role at the ceremony remains unclear. Grant biographer Jean Edward Smith asserted that Longstreet served as Grants best man at the wedding. John Y. Simon, editor of Julia Grants memoirs, concluded that Longstreet may have been a groomsman, and Longstreet biographer Donald Brigman Sanger called the role of best man uncertain while noting that neither Grant nor Longstreet mentioned such a role in either of their memoirs. Later in 1. 84. 4, the regiment was transferred to Louisiana. On March 8, 1. 84. Longstreet received a promotion to second lieutenant, and was transferred to the Eighth Infantry, stationed in Florida. The regiment then received orders to join the army of General Zachary Taylor in Corpus Christi, Texas. Attack aircraft Wikipedia. An attack aircraft, strike aircraft, or attack bomber, is a tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying out airstrikes with greater precision than bombers, and is prepared to encounter strong low level air defenses while pressing the attack. This class of aircraft is designed mostly for close air support and naval air to surface missions, overlapping the tactical bomber mission. Designs dedicated to non naval roles are often known as ground attack aircraft. Fighter aircraft often carry out the attack role, although they would not be considered attack aircraft per se, although fighter bomber conversions of those same aircraft would be considered part of the class. Strike fighters, which have effectively replaced the fighter bomber and light bomber concepts, also differ little from the broad concept of an attack aircraft. The dedicated attack aircraft as a separate class existed primarily during and after World War II. The precise implementation varied from country to country, and was handled by a wide variety of designs. In the US and UK, attack aircraft were generally based on light bombers, sometimes carrying heavier forward firing weapons like the North American B 2. G Mitchell and de Havilland Mosquito Tsetse. In Germany and USSR, where they were known as schlachtflugzeug battle aircraft or sturmovik storm trooper respectively, this role was carried out by aircraft such as the Henschel Hs 1. Ilyushin Il 2, purpose designed and heavily armored. The Germans and Soviets also used light bombers in this role cannon armed versions of the Junkers Ju 8. Stuka greatly outnumbered the Hs 1. Petlyakov Pe 2 was used for this role in spite of not being specifically designed for it. In the late war era, the fighter bomber began to take over many attack roles, a change that continued in the post war era. Jet powered examples were relatively rare, but not unknown, like the Blackburn Buccaneer. The US Navy continued to introduce new aircraft in their A series, but these were purely light and medium bombers. The need for this design category was greatly diminished by the introduction of precision guided munitions, which allowed almost any aircraft to carry out this role while remaining safe at high altitude, while the attack helicopter took over many of the remaining roles that could only be carried out at lower altitudes. Since the 1. 96. 0s, only two dedicated attack aircraft designs have been widely introduced, the US Fairchild Republic A 1. Thunderbolt II and Soviet Sukhoi Su 2. Frogfoot. One oddity belonging to this class is the Lockheed AC 1. M1. 02 howitzer. A variety of light attack aircraft exist, usually based on adapted trainers or other light fixed wing aircraft. Definition and designationseditUnited States definition and designationseditPresently, U. S. attack aircraft are identified by the prefix A, as in A 6 Intruder and A 1. Thunderbolt II. However, until the end of World War II the A designation was shared between attack planes and light bombers34 for USAAF aircraft as opposed to B prefix for medium or heavy bombers. The US Navy used a separate designation system and at the time preferred to call similar aircraft scout bombers SB or torpedo bombers TB or BT. For example, Douglas SBD Dauntless scout bomber was designated A 2. USAAF. It was not until 1. US Navy and US Marine Corps started using the attack A designation, when it renamed BT2. D Skyraider and BTM Mauler to, respectively, AD Skyraider and AM Mauler. As with many aircraft classifications, the definition of attack aircraft is somewhat vague and has tended to change over time. Current U. S. military doctrine defines it as an aircraft which most likely performs an attack mission, more than any other kind of mission. Attack mission means, in turn, specifically tactical air to ground actionin other words, neither air to air action nor strategic bombing is considered an attack mission. In United States Navy vocabulary, the alternative designation for the same activity is a strike mission. Attack missions are principally divided into two categories air interdiction and close air support. In the last several decades, the rise of the ubiquitous multi role fighter has created some confusion about the difference between attack and fighter aircraft. According to the current U. S. designation system, an attack aircraft A is designed primarily for air to surface Attack Aircraft designed to find, attack, and destroy land or sea targets7 missions also known as attack missions, while a fighter category F incorporates not only aircraft designed primarily for air to air combat, but additionally multipurpose aircraft designed also for ground attack missions. F Fighter Aircraft were designed to intercept and destroy other aircraft or missiles. This includes multipurpose aircraft also designed for ground support missions such as interdiction and close air support. Just to mention one example amongst many, the F 1. Aardvark was designated F despite having only minimal air to air capabilities. Only a single aircraft in the USAFs current inventory bears a simple, unmixed A designation the A 1. Thunderbolt II. Other designationseditBritish designations have included FB for fighter bomber and more recently G for Ground attack as in Harrier GR1 meaning Ground attackReconnaissance, Mark 1. The NATO reporting names for SovietRussian ground attack aircraft at first started with B categorizing them as bombers, as in case of Il 1. Beast. But later they were usually classified as fighters Fpossibly because since Sukhoi Su 7 they were similar in size and visual appearance to Soviet fighters, or were simply derivatives of such. HistoryeditWorld War IeditThe attack aircraft as a role was defined by its use during World War I, in support of ground forces on battlefields. Battlefield support is generally divided into close air support and battlefield air interdiction, the first requiring strict and the latter only general cooperation with friendly surface forces. Such missions required flying where light anti aircraft fire was expected and operating at low altitudes to precisely identify targets. Other roles, including those of light bombers, medium bombers, dive bombers, reconnaissance, fighters, fighter bombers, could and did perform air strikes on battlefields. All these types could significantly damage ground targets from a low level flight, either by bombing, machine guns, or both. Attack aircraft came to diverge from bombers and fighters. While bombers could be used on a battlefield, their slower speeds made them extremely vulnerable to ground fire, as did as the lighter construction of fighters. The survivability of attack aircraft was guaranteed by their speedpower, protection i. Germany was the first country to produce dedicated ground attack aircraft designated CL class and J class. They were put into use in autumn 1. World War I. Most notable was the Junkers J. I, which pioneered the idea of an armoured bathtub, that was both fuselage structure and protection for engine and crew. The British experimented with the Sopwith TF series termed trench fighters, although these did not see combat. The last battles of 1. Western Front demonstrated that ground attacking aircraft were a valuable component of all arms tactics. Close support ground strafing machine gunning and tactical bombing of infantry especially when moving between trenches and along roads, machine gun posts, artillery, and supply formations was a part of the Allied armies strength in holding German attacks and supporting Allied counter attacks and offensives. Admittedly, the cost to the Allies was high, with the Royal Flying Corps sustaining a loss rate approaching 3.