Buy onlywhat is really necessary the initial stages are quite difficult enoughwithout trying to learn how to handle a dozen different tools at once. Your requirements will be paints, thinners, brushes, boards orcanvases, a palette, a palette knife, an easel, and a paintbox. InformationWeek. com News, analysis and research for business technology professionals, plus peertopeer knowledge sharing. Engage with our community. Download a free trial HyperSnap 6 is the fastest and easiest way to take screen captures from Windows screen and text capture from places where system text copy is. Letus take them in this order. Hathi. Trust Digital Library. See site info on downloading Download PDF pages and book. Read Online. Oil Painting Methods and Demonstrationsby HENRY GASSER, N. A, 1. 95. 3 all rights reserved,Reinhold Publishing Corporation. Second Printing 1. Installing An Sap Standalone Gateway Instance Download Free here. Third Printing 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS partial Painting equipment ,6. Studio equipment ,6. The Selection of Colors and Painting mediums ,9. The selection and care of brushes ,1. The use of the various brushes ,1. The various painting surfaces ,1. Color ,1. 6Color mixing ,1. Composition ,2. Strengthening the design ,2. Enlarging a sketch ,2. Landscape painting ,2. Painting directly in color ,3. The autumn scene ,3. The waterfront ,4. Summer yard ,4. The street scene ,5. The industrial scene ,5. Painting a nocturne ,6. The winter subject ,6. Casein as a base for oil painting ,7. Use of casein for an oil painting ,7. Painting on a gesso base ,8. Palette knife painting ,8. Demonstration of palette knife painting ,8. The use of the imprimatura ,9. Glazing and scumbling ,9. Underpainting ,9. Glazing over a drawing ,1. Demonstration of glazing and scumbling ,1. Studio painting ,1. Dynamic composition ,1. Introducing figures into a landscape ,1. Figures in a landscape Ill. Moving figures in a landscape ,1. Source material for studio painting ,1. Dramatizing a subject ,1. Painting a portrait of a house ,1. Salvaging a painting ,1. The amateur painter ,1. Varnishing and preserving of oil paintings ,1. Hints on framing ,1. Hathi. Trust Digital Library. See site info on downloading PDF pages and book. Read Online. An Accidence, or Gamut, of Painting in Oilby Julius Caesar Ibbetson, 2nd Ed. The cloths used at present for painting upon, are prepared in the worst and most dangerous manner imaginable. The colourmen, to whom every thing is left, begin by brushing the cloth over with strong glue, to lay the flue, and prevent its absorbing any oil, as I suppose then, with stiff paint, the greatest part of which is whiting, they plaster over the glue twice, seldom three times it is then done, when the exciseman has stamped it. In a very short space of time, if kept in rolls, it gets so brittle, that it would be as easy to unfold a manuscript of Herculaneum as this, without breaking or cracking in ten thousand places. If the picture be hung in a damp place, it comes off altogether, in great flakes and in time, with the greatest care, it becomes covered with circular cracks, like net work, for which there is no remedy. It ought to be prepared with very thin starch, and rubbed while wet with a rubber stone, to lay the flue smooth, and painted with proper thin color several times when the paint unites with the canvass, it is flexible, will never crack, and will endure for ages. In Holland, and even Dublin, their cloths are far superior, and very pliable. PDFRead Online. E book Wikipedia. An electronic book or e book is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Although sometimes defined as an electronic version of a printed book,2 some e books exist without a printed equivalent. Commercially produced and sold e books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e reader devices. However, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. In the 2. 00. 0s, there was a trend of print and e book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e books on websites using e commerce systems. With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and selecting and ordering titles online the paper books are then delivered to the reader by mail or another delivery service. With e books, users can browse through titles online, and then when they select and order titles, the e book can be sent to them online or the user can download the e book. At the start of 2. U. S., more e books were published online than were distributed in hardcover. The main reasons for people buying e books online are possibly lower prices, increased comfort as they can buy from home or on the go with mobile devices and a larger selection of titles. With e books, electronic bookmarks make referencing easier, and e book readers may allow the user to annotate pages. Although fiction and non fiction books come in e book formats, technical material is especially suited for e book delivery because it can be electronically searched for keywords. In addition, for programming books, code examples can be copied. The amount of e book reading is increasing in the U. S. by 2. 01. 4, 2. This is increasing, because by 2. American adults had an e reader or a tablet, compared to 3. Terminologyedit. A woman reading an e book on an e reader. E books are also referred to as ebooks, e. Books, Ebooks, e Books, e journals, e editions or as digital books. The devices that are designed specifically for reading e books are called e readers, ebook device or e. Readers. HistoryeditThe Readies 1. The idea of an e reader that would enable a reader to view books on a screen came to Bob Brown after watching his first talkie movie with sound. In 1. 93. 0, he wrote a book on this idea and titled it The Readies, playing off the idea of the talkie. In his book, Brown says movies have outmaneuvered the book by creating the talkies and, as a result, reading should find a new medium A machine that will allow us to keep up with the vast volume of print available today and be optically pleasing. Although Brown came up with the idea intellectually in the 1. Nevertheless, Brown in many ways predicted what e readers would become and what they would mean to the medium of reading. In an article, Jennifer Schuessler writes, The machine, Brown argued, would allow readers to adjust the type size, avoid paper cuts and save trees, all while hastening the day when words could be recorded directly on the palpitating ether. He felt the e reader should bring a completely new life to the medium of reading. Schuessler relates it to a DJ spinning bits of old songs to create a beat or an entirely new song as opposed to just a remix of a familiar song. First inventoreditThe inventor of the first e book is not widely agreed upon. Some notable candidates include the following ngela Ruiz Robles 1. In 1. 94. 9, ngela Ruiz Robles, a teacher from Galicia, Spain, patented in her country the first electronic book reader, the Enciclopedia Mecnica, or the Mechanical Encyclopedia. Her idea behind the device was to decrease the number of books that her pupils carried to school. Roberto Busa late 1. The first e book may be the Index Thomisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas, prepared by Roberto Busa beginning in 1. Although originally stored on a single computer, a distributable CD ROM version appeared in 1. However, this work is sometimes omitted perhaps because the digitized text was a means for studying written texts and developing linguistic concordances, rather than as a published edition in its own right. In 2. 00. 5, the Index was published online. Doug Engelbart and Andries van Dam 1. Alternatively, some historians consider electronic books to have started in the early 1. NLS project headed by Doug Engelbart at Stanford Research Institute SRI, and the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS projects headed by Andries van Dam at Brown University. Augment ran on specialized hardware, while FRESS ran on IBM mainframes. FRESS documents were structure oriented rather than line oriented, and were formatted dynamically for different users, display hardware, window sizes, and so on, as well as having automated tables of contents, indexes, and so on. All these systems also provided extensive hyperlinking, graphics, and other capabilities. Van Dam is generally thought to have coined the term electronic book,1. FRESS was used for reading extensive primary texts online, as well as for annotation and online discussions in several courses, including English Poetry and Biochemistry. Browns faculty made extensive use of FRESS for example the philosopher Roderick Chisholm used it to produce several of his books. Thus in the Preface to Person and Object 1. The book would not have been completed without the epoch making File Retrieval and Editing System. Brown Universitys work in electronic book systems continued for many years, including US Navy funded projects for electronic repair manuals 2. Inter. Media 2. Electronic Book Technologies that built Dyna. Text, the first SGML based e reader system and the Scholarly Technology Groups extensive work on the Open e. Book standard. Michael Hart left and Gregory Newby right of Project Gutenberg, 2. Michael S. Hart 1. Despite the extensive earlier history, several publications report Michael S. Hart as the inventor of the e book. In 1. 97. 1, the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois gave Hart extensive computer time. Seeking a worthy use of this resource, he created his first electronic document by typing the United States Declaration of Independence into a computer in plain text. Hart planned to create documents using plain text to make them as easy as possible to download and view on devices. Early implementationseditAfter Hart first adapted the Declaration of Independence into an electronic document in 1. Project Gutenberg was launched to create electronic copies of more texts especially books. Another early e book implementation was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1. PARC a general purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading. In 1. 98. 0 the US Department of Defense began concept development for a portable electronic delivery device for technical maintenance information called project PEAM, the Portable Electronic Aid for Maintenance. Detailed specifications were completed in FY 8. Texas Instruments that same year. Four prototypes were produced and delivered for testing in 1. Tests were completed in 1. The final summary report was produced by the US Army research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in 1. Robert Wisher and J. Peter Kincaid. 2. A patent application for the PEAM device 2. Texas Instruments titled Apparatus for delivering procedural type instructions was submitted Dec 4, 1. John K. Harkins and Stephen H. Morriss as inventors. The first portable electronic book, the US Department of Defenses Personal Electronic Aid to Maintenance.